Understanding Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition characterized by darkened patches or spots. It occurs when excess melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, is produced. While hyperpigmentation is generally harmless, it can be a cosmetic concern for many people.

Kayal Dermatology & Skin Cancer Specialists in Marietta, GA, shares more about its causes, types, and treatment options that can help manage this condition effectively.

Causes of Hyperpigmentation

The National Cancer Institute defines hyperpigmentation as “a common, usually harmless condition in which patches of skin are darker than the surrounding skin. It occurs when special cells in the skin make too much of the pigment called melanin. Hyperpigmentation may appear as freckles, age spots or larger areas of darkened skin.”

The American Osteopathic College of Dermatology affirms that “changes in skin color can result from outside causes” as well as internal issues. Some examples include:

1. Sun Exposure: Prolonged sun exposure is one of the most common causes of hyperpigmentation. UV rays from the sun can stimulate the melanocytes (melanin-producing cells) in the skin, leading to increased melanin production.
2. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during pregnancy or as a result of taking birth control pills, can lead to a form of hyperpigmentation known as melasma. This condition often presents as brown or gray-brown patches on the face.
3. Skin Injuries: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can occur after skin trauma, such as cuts, burns, acne or even certain skin procedures. The skin darkens in the affected areas as it heals.
4. Certain Medications: Some medications, such as certain antibiotics, can increase sensitivity to sunlight and lead to hyperpigmentation as a side effect.
5. Genetics: Family history can also influence a predisposition to hyperpigmentation, making it more common in certain individuals.

Types of Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation can manifest in several different forms:

• Sunspots (Solar Lentigines): Flat brown spots that develop on sun-exposed areas, commonly seen in older adults.
• Melasma: Usually appears on the face as symmetrical patches, often triggered by hormonal changes and sun exposure.
• Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): Resulting from inflammation or injury to the skin. This type is often seen in individuals with darker skin types and can follow acne or other skin traumas.

Treatment Options

While hyperpigmentation is not harmful, the Kayal Dermatology & Skin Cancer Specialists team offers treatment when you have cosmetic concerns. Here are some common options:

• Topical Treatments: Products containing hydroquinone, retinoids, vitamin C or niacinamide can help lighten hyperpigmented areas over time. These are often the first line of treatment.
• Chemical Peels: Professional chemical peels can exfoliate the top layers of skin, promoting the appearance of even skin tone and reducing pigmentation.
• Laser Therapy: Laser treatments can target melanin and break up pigment in the skin. This option is often effective.
• Microdermabrasion: This treatment involves mechanically exfoliating the skin to remove the outermost layer, which may lead to reduced pigmentation.
• Sun Protection: Proper sun protection is one of the most important steps in managing hyperpigmentation. Using broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 daily can help prevent the further darkening of existing spots and the formation of new ones.

Marietta Hyperpigmentation/Sun Spots Treatment

Hyperpigmentation is a prevalent skin condition that can affect anyone, regardless of skin type. Kayal Dermatology & Skin Cancer Specialists can help you find the appropriate treatment to achieve a more even skin tone. Contact us today for a consultation.